旷达
Broad-mindedness / Unconstrained Style

指诗歌作品中所体现的超然物外、旷放通达的胸襟和艺术风格。是作者通达的人生观及平和心态与作品艺术形象的高度融合。具有旷放性情的作者，多因世事坎坷或社会动乱而落魄或退隐，往往以诗文抒写胸臆，反映在诗歌作品中，既有对世事物情超旷出尘的人生警悟，也有愤世嫉俗、傲岸不羁的真情流露。它的渊源可以追溯到儒家有为和道家顺其自然的思想及魏晋名士超尘脱俗、开朗达观的人生态度。既不逃避世俗，也不贪恋名利，事理通达，心境开阔。唐代司空图将其提升为一个诗学、美学术语，强调作品风格与作者心态及人生观的统一，意在倡导一种超脱旷达的人生观与审美心态。
The term means broad-mindedness and a totally unconstrained artistic style in poetic works. It presents a perfect union of the author’s outlook on life, his peaceful mind, and the artistic form of his work. A broad-minded writer was often disheartened, who went into seclusion, caused either by frustrations countered in life or social turmoil, and he would naturally seek to express his emotion in literature. As reflected in his writings, such a writer possessed a keen insight into the vicissitudes of worldly affairs. Being cynical and indignant, he also revealed such feelings of disdain for the world and its ways in his writings. The origin of this attitude can be traced back to the Confucian concept of proactivity and the Daoist proposition of following the nature, as well as to the open and cultured way of life characteristic of famous scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties. Such a writer would not shy away from the worldly, but neither would he cling to fame and wealth. He was completely reasonable in attitude and tolerant in mood. Sikong Tu, a literary critic in the Tang Dynasty, used this term to assess poetic and aesthetic achievement by emphasizing the unity of the style of a work and the mental attitude and the view about human life on the part of the author. The idea is to promote a view about life and an aesthetic attitude that is open-minded and uplifting.

引例 CITATION

生者百岁，相去几何。欢乐苦短，忧愁实多。何如尊酒，日往烟萝。花覆茅檐，疏雨相过。倒酒既尽，杖藜行歌。孰不有古，南山峨峨。 （司空图《二十四诗品·旷达》） （人的一生不过百年，寿命长短能差几何。欢乐时光总苦短促，忧愁日子其实更多。哪里比得上手持酒樽，每日在烟绕藤缠的幽静处畅饮。那鲜花覆盖的茅檐下，细雨疏疏飘忽访顾。壶中酒已经喝完，拄着藜杖漫步唱歌。谁没有死的那一天?只有终南山才会巍峨长存。）
There are no more than a hundred years in a man’s life, so what difference does it make whether it is long or short! Joys are painfully brief, but sorrows are numerous. There is nothing like holding a goblet of drink, strolling in the mist and the quiet and shady garden, or watching rain drizzling down the thatched eaves covered with flowers! After finishing the drink, I will just take another stroll and sing! Who can escape from one’s last day? Only the Zhongnan Mountains will forever stay lofty. (Sikong Tu: Twenty-four Styles of Poetry)

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