托福词汇系列(不定期更新)_派派后花园

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[Vocabulary] 托福词汇系列(不定期更新)

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mmmmhao

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举报 只看楼主 使用道具 楼主   发表于: 2017-02-11 0
托福词汇系列(不定期更新)
[url]http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/452753[/url]
1.[b][color=#ff0000]penalty[/color][/b]
['pen(ə)ltɪ]

[color=#ff0000][b]A penalty clause[/b][/color] was written into the contract.
在合同中写入了一项罚款条款。
She has[b][color=#ff0000] paid the penalty [/color][/b]for her crimes with five years in prison.
她因犯罪受到惩罚被判刑五年。
[color=#ff0000][b]formulating penalty[/b][/color], [color=#ff0000][b]estimating penalty [/b][/color]and [color=#ff0000][b]executing penalty[/b][/color].
其实现需通过对[u]制刑 、 量刑、行刑[/u]阶段的全面规范.

[color=#ff0000][b]One of the penalties of fame[/b][/color] is loss of privacy.
成名的弊端之一是失去了私人活动自由。

Scoring can be done from the field goal, [color=#ff0000][b]the penalty corner[/b][/color], and[b][color=#ff0000] the penalty stroke[/color][/b].
他们可以通过场上射门 、 发[u]惩罚性角球和发点球[/u]得分.
It was [b][color=#ff0000]a generous penalty[/color][/b], but still a penalty.
这是一个慷慨的点球, 但确实是点球来的.
He was brought down[b][color=#ff0000] in the penalty area[/color][/b].
他在罚球区被对方撞倒。

用作名词 (n.)
动词+~
give a penalty 处罚        
impose a penalty 予以惩罚
pay the penalty 受到惩罚

形容词+~
light /severe penalty 严厉的处罚        
the full penalty 全部代价

名词+~
death penalty 死刑~+介词
penalty for 为…受处罚
*********************************
punishment   VS  penalty
penalty:[b]专指[/b]法律上的或体育运动比赛中的处罚。

联想记忆:谐音:拍脑踢
[attachment=13318925]

词根记忆:pen

.表示  penalty,处罚
penal      刑事的;与刑罚有关的;作为刑罚场所的;[color=#ff0000]['piːnl][/color]    
penalty      惩罚;刑罚;害处;足球点球;
penalize      对…予以惩罚;使处于不利地位;[color=#ff0000]['pi:nəlaɪz][/color]
penitent      悔罪的; 后悔者;忏悔者;                          A penitent's prayer
repent      对(自己的所为)感到懊悔或忏悔; [植] 匍匐生根的;[动] 爬行的;[color=#ff0000] [rɪ'pent][/color]    
penance      (赎罪的)苦行,苦修;                              regards sth. as a penance
[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:54重新编辑 ]
本帖最近评分记录: 2 条评分 派派币 +20
  • Sadistic_

    派派币 +15 2017-02-15

    ——update 16L

  • Sadistic_

    派派币 +5 2017-02-15

    Thanks for your sharing.O(∩_∩)O

《我将光彩夺目》作者:贡茶_
https://www.paipai.fm/read.php?tid=7686809

《本宫颜值,分分钟秒杀你们》
https://www.paipai.fm/read.php?tid=7417356
书单更新中
https://www.paipai.fm/read.php?tid=7432002
mmmmhao

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举报 只看该作者 27楼  发表于: 2017-02-22 0
30:deceive
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/432582

She told him of his old mother's deceit.
她向他诉说了母后的欺骗行为。
Deceit is a gift, but vengeance is swift.
欺骗可能会获得短暂的利益,但报复也会迅速地随之而来。
He was enmeshed in a web of deceit and lies.
他陷入充满诡计和谎言的圈套。

self-deceit自欺

词根词缀: de- 向下 + -ceiv- 拿 + -e

conceive
receive
deceive
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举报 只看该作者 26楼  发表于: 2017-02-21 0
28:coarse
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/429418

The medicine powder is too coarse, keep grinding it.
药面太粗了,再磨细点。
His coarse manners shocked everyone.
他的粗鲁的举止使每个人震惊。

~+名词
coarse behavior〔manners, joke〕 粗野的行为〔举止,玩笑〕
coarse complexion〔skin〕 粗糙的颜面〔皮肤〕
coarse woollen cloth 粗纺毛料




********************************

29:remediation
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/454894

It's the remediation of a learning disability.
这是对学习能力缺乏的矫正。
This holiday was so numb,remediation cost me most of the time.
这个假期过得很无语,补课占据了大部分时间。




[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:07重新编辑 ]
mmmmhao

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举报 只看该作者 25楼  发表于: 2017-02-21 0
26:dramatic
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/429216

After a dramatic pause, the lawyer finished her summation.
在戏剧性的沉默之后,这位律师作完了她的总述。
Her opening words were dramatic.
她的开场白十分动听。
It was really a dramatic game.
那确实是场给人印象深刻比赛。
She made a dramatic speech at the meeting.
她在会上发表了激动人心的演说。



*******************

27:circulate
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/429191

Please open a window to allow the air to circulate.
打开窗子让空气流通。
Foreign money is not allowed to circulate in China.
外币不允许在中国流通。
Money shall circulate freely within the common market.
货币应在共同市场内自由流通。
Blood circulates through the body.
血液在体内循环。
The news of her death circulated quickly.
她死去的消息迅速传开。

~+名词
circulate false news  = circulate rumour 散布谣言
circulate secret 传开秘密

~+副词
circulate briskly / rapidly / slowly
circulate widely 广泛流传

~+介词
circulate about the neighborhood 在邻近一带流传
circulate round〔through〕 the body 在全身循环







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25:prerequisite
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/454711


Noun:
something that is required in advance;
"Latin was a prerequisite for admission"
Adjective:
required as a prior condition or course of study


用作名词 (n.)
Careful study of the market is a prerequisite for success.
仔细研究市场情况是取得成功的先决条件。
Good muscles are one of the prerequisites of physical fitness.
肌肉发达是身体健康的一个必备条件。
Stability is a prerequisite for reform and development.
稳定是改革和发展的前提。

用作形容词 (adj.)
A sense of humour is prerequisite to understanding her work.
要理解她的作品就必须具有幽默感。
A degree is prerequisite for employment at this level.
必须具备大专院校的学位才能从事这一级的工作。

prerequisite course预修课程

requirement必要条件
precondition先决条件




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24:pregnant
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/454120

Adjective:
carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
filled with or attended with;

How long has she been pregnant?
她怀孕多久了?
She got pregnant and was turned out of the house by her parents.
她怀孕了,父母把她赶出了家门。
Women who do not ovulate regularly have difficulty in becoming pregnant.
妇女排卵期不正常就不易受孕。
He is a man with pregnant ideas.
他是一个思想丰富的人。
His only reaction was a pregnant silence.
他唯一的反应是一阵意味深长的沉默
His words were followed by a pregnant pause.
他说完话,接着是一段意味深长的停顿。

pregnant artist 多产的艺术家
pregnant cause 伟业
pregnant pause 意味深长的停顿
pregnant silence 意味深长的沉默
~+介词
pregnant in idea 思想丰富
pregnant with life 充满活力
pregnant with the second child 怀第二个孩子



词根词缀: pre- 前 , 先 + gn ( = -gen- )生殖 + -ant 动作倾向
谐音:扑个男的
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举报 只看该作者 22楼  发表于: 2017-02-18 0
23:plateau
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/453796

Noun:
a relatively flat highland


用作名词 (n.)
The plateau extends for many miles.
高原连绵许多英里。
The ranch is in the middle of a large plateau.
该牧场位于一个辽阔高原的中部。
After a period of rapid inflation, price have now reach a plateau.
经急剧通货膨胀之后物价现已趋于平稳。
Sales have now reached a plateau.
销售现已开始停滞不前。

用作不及物动词 (vi.)
The athletic footwear market has not yet plateaued.
运动鞋市场并没趋于平稳。
The tension seemed to grow by degrees, then it plateaued.
紧张(局势)看来升级,然后转入平稳状态。


saturation plateau饱和平稳状态, 饱和...
karst plateau喀斯特高原
plateau slope坪斜
marginal plateau边缘台地,陆缘高原,...


来自法语 plateau, 高原,平地,来自 plat, 平的,展开,
词源同 plate,plan.-eau, 小词后缀,对应 -ille.
引申词义水平,稳定期,停滞期等。









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举报 只看该作者 21楼  发表于: 2017-02-18 0
22:plea

http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/453860

Noun:
a humble request for help from someone in authority
(law) a defendant's answer by a factual matter (as distinguished from a demurrer)
an answer indicating why a suit should be dismissed


The prisoner made a plea for mercy.
囚犯恳求宽恕。
She made an impassioned plea for justice.
她激昂地抗辩,恳求获得公正。
In making that plea he will breathe in vain.
他做那种恳求是白费口舌的。
The thief entered a plea of not guilty.
这个贼提出了无罪申诉。
It's expected Huckaby will enter a plea later this month.
预计赫卡比将在本月晚些时候进行申诉。
The accused entered a plea of "not guilty".
被告作了“无罪”的抗辩。
He was absent under the plea of illness.
他借口有病没有出席。
Your plea of old age is only a pretence.
您借口说您年纪老了,这不过是托辞。
He did not attend the dinner; his plea was that he was too busy to come.
他没有参加那次宴会,借口是他太忙不能来。


plea bargain[律](以被告承认犯...
on/under the plea of借口
common pleas[律]民事诉讼...



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21:grease
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/444130

Noun:
a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)
the state of being covered with unclean things
Verb:
lubricate with grease;


用作名词 (n.)
Mother smeared grease on her hands.
母亲用油脂涂沫了双手。
The engine was covered in grease.
发动机上有层油脂。
I use the floor cleaner to remove grease.
我用地板除垢剂清除油污。

用作及物动词 (vt.)
I will not grease the monkey bars.
我再也不在玩具架上抹油了。
I am coming next week to have you grease the car.
我下星期来请你给汽车上上油。
He had to repair the wagon, grease the axles.
他得去修理大车,给车轴涂油。
The offender attempt to grease the palm of the judge.
罪犯企图贿赂法官。


动词+~
cut grease 分解油脂
put grease 擦油
remove grease 除去油脂
名词+~
axle grease 轴用脂
介词+~
in grease 长得正肥的时候
wool in the grease 含脂羊毛
a spot of grease 一块油脂
with grease 带着油脂




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举报 只看该作者 19楼  发表于: 2017-02-15 0
20: granite
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/443941

Noun:
plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz
something having the quality of granite (unyielding firmness);

The valley ended in a perpendicular rim of granite.
那山谷的尽头是花岗石的断崖。
He has a heart of granite.
他有一副铁石心肠。
He is pointing down a block of granite.
他正在用锐利的工具修整一块花岗石。
The old man's grave is made of granite.
那老人的墓是用花岗石造的。

Granite State新罕布什尔州的别名...
granite paper花岗石纹纸
black granite黑花岗石,闪长岩...
granite facing花岗石砌面
bite on granite白费力气(徒劳无功)...

来自 grain, 颗粒。因这种岩石颗粒状的纹理而得名。
后缀-ite: 表名词,“人或物”

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举报 只看该作者 18楼  发表于: 2017-02-15 0
19: geothermy
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/443692

The exploration of the geothermy is very important aspect in development and prospecting.
地热的勘查是地热勘探与开发的一个重要方面.
The water temperature originates in geothermy warming rate and the radioactive element decay has the energy.
水温来源于地热增温率及放射元素的衰变产生热能.
The ordinary floor does not suit the geothermy heating equipment, must use the geothermy floor.
普通地板是不适合地热采暖设备的,必须采用地热地板。

词根:geo地---therm-, 热--y



从盖亚的名字产生了表示“地球”的词根 geo- ,从词根 geo- 产生了许多与地球、大地有关的单词。
geography:[dʒɪ'ɒgrəfɪ]  n. 地理学。记:geo大地+graphy描绘→描述大地的概貌就是地理
geology:[dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 地质学。记:geo大地+logy表示学科→研究大地的学科
geologist: [dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪst] n. 地质学家。记:geo大地+logy学科+ist表示人物→研究大地的学者
geometry:[dʒɪ'ɒmɪtrɪ]  n. 几何学。记:geo大地+metry测量→最早的几何是测量大地的技术
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举报 只看该作者 17楼  发表于: 2017-02-15 0
18:fanciful

http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/442400

Adjective:
indulging in or influenced by fancy;
not based on fact; unreal;
having a curiously intricate quality;

That story about a trip to the moon is fanciful.
那个有关旅行到月球的故事是假想的。
His scheme seems to me fanciful in the extreme.
我觉得他的计划似乎完全是想入非非。
You are never fanciful, my dear.
亲爱的,你一点儿也不怪僻。
He had such a fanciful, pictorial way of saying things.
他有一种隐晦曲折、光怪陆离的表达方式。
A riddle in which a fanciful question is answered by a pun.
谜语由一个奇妙的问题组成的谜语,其答案为双关语.


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举报 只看该作者 16楼  发表于: 2017-02-14 0
17:migration

http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/448329

Noun:
the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

These can be summarised as migration, money and Moscow.
这些原因可以概括为移民、金钱和莫斯科。
Game's operation is mainly the migration, the trundle, the caper, crawls, climbs up and aims.
游戏的操作主要是移动,滚动,跳跃,匍匐,攀爬和瞄准。


mass migration集体迁移
migration path过渡路径
bird migration鸟迁移
moisture migration水分移动
atomic migration原子迁移
primary migration初次运移

词根词缀: -migr- 迁移 + -ation 名词词尾











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举报 只看该作者 15楼  发表于: 2017-02-14 0
16:marginal

http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/448202

Adjective:
at or constituting a border or edge;
of questionable or minimal quality;
just barely adequate or within a lower limit;


Economists call these marginal changes.
经济学家称这些为边际的变化。
He won the most marginal seat by only two votes.
他只以两票的微弱优势当选。
He had a very marginal victory with only 180 more votes in his favor.
他仅以180票的微弱优势赢得了胜利。
He owns a small, marginal business.
他经营一个收益不大的小生意。
There has been a marginal improvement in the firm's sales.
公司的销售额略有增长。

marginal difference 不重要的区别
marginal seat 边缘席位
marginal data 图例说明
marginal notes 旁注
marginal people 边远地区的人们
marginal stability 临界稳定性



词根词缀: marg = mark + -in



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15: monster
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/448803

an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts
someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful
a person or animal that is markedly unusual or deformed

A hideous monster attacked the helpless villagers.
有个丑恶的怪物袭击了手无寸铁的村民。
I saw a horrible monster in the forest.
我在林中见到一头可怕的怪物。
This machine is a real monster.
这台机器真是个庞然大物
The song was a monster hit.
这首歌获得了巨大的成功。

monster truck超大型载货卡车/ tanker巨型油轮/ ship巨舰
double monster重复畸形  
green-eyed monster嫉妒

词根词缀: -mon- 提醒 , 警告 + -ster 名词词尾 , 人



[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:31重新编辑 ]
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举报 只看该作者 13楼  发表于: 2017-02-14 0
14:plankton
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/453547

Plankton is at the bottom of the marine food chain.
浮游生物处于海洋食物链的最底层。

plankton pump浮游生物泵
temporary plankton暂时性浮游生物...
plankton net浮游生物网
periodic plankton周期性浮游生物...


[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:29重新编辑 ]
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举报 只看该作者 12楼  发表于: 2017-02-14 0
13:magnitude
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/447978

I want to know the magnitude of this equipment.
我想知道这个设备的大小。
The magnitude of the epidemic was frightening.
这种流行病传播范围之广令人惶惶不安。
I had not realized the magnitude of the problem.
我没意识到这个问题的重要性。
The main quake was estimated at magnitude 6.6.
据估计主震区的震级有6.

动词+~
appreciate/ realize the magnitude 了解到重要性
limit the magnitude 限制大小

形容词+~
great/ immense magnitude 重大
stars of the first magnitude 一等星

词根词缀: -magn- 大 + -i- + -tude 名词词尾



[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:40重新编辑 ]
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举报 只看该作者 11楼  发表于: 2017-02-13 0
12:plaintiff
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/453320
a person who brings an action in a court of law

The plaintiff accused the defendant of fraud.
原告指控被告欺诈。
Plaintiff is an antonym of defendant.
原告是被告的反义字。

nominal plaintiff名义上的原告,名义原..

词根:来自 plaint, 起诉,诉讼, -iff, 形容词后缀,



[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:33重新编辑 ]
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11:lithosphere
the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle

Scientists call this layer of crust and upper mantle the lithosphere.
科学家称这层地壳和上部地幔为岩石圈。
The hydrosphere and the lithosphere together form the Earth's surface.
水圈与岩石圈一起形成地球的表面。


词根:litho-, 石头, sphere, 圈,层。
lithology:岩石学
litho-, 石头, -logy, 学说。



[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:24重新编辑 ]
mmmmhao

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举报 只看该作者 9楼  发表于: 2017-02-13 0
10:mutual
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/449107

Adjective:
common to or shared by two or more parties;

Other organizations have joined the confederation for mutual benefit.
其他组织为了共同的利益也加入了这个联盟。
My friend and I have mutual enthusiasm for music.
我和我的朋友对音乐有着共同的爱好。
Let's give mutual support and inspiration to each other.
让我们互相支持,互相鼓励。
Language differences are often a barrier to mutual understanding.
语言不同,常常阻碍到彼此的了解。
Negotiations between unions and management are made more difficult by mutual distrust.
工会和资方之间的谈判由于互不信任而愈加困难。

~+名词
mutual aid〔assistance〕 彼此的帮助
mutual benefit〔interests〕 相互的利润
mutual defence〔enemies, friends〕 共同的防御〔敌人,朋友〕
mutual dislike 互相憎恨

词根词缀: -mut- 变 + -ual 形容词词尾





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