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[Exam] 2013年12月英语六级真题及答案

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2013年12月英语六级真题及答案(丝绸之路篇)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）

Directions: Forthis part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remarks “The greatest use of life is to spend itfor something that will outlast it.” You can give examples to illustrate yourpoint and then explain what you will doto make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 150words but no more than 200 words.

请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域内作答作文题，在试题册上的作答无效！

Part ⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)

2013年12月英语六级听力真题音频点击收听

Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about whatwas said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A) Dr.Smith#39;s waiting room isn#39;t tidy.C) Dr. Smith has left a good impression on her.

B) Dr. Smith enjoys readingmagazinesD) Dr. Smith may not be a good choice.

2. A) Theman will rent the apartment when it is available.

B) The man made a bargain withthe landlady over the rent.

C) The man insists on having alook at the apartment first.

D) The man is not fully satisfiedwith the apartment.

3. A)Packing up to go abroad.C) Drawing up a plan for her English course.

B) Brushing up on her English.D)Applying for a visa to the United States.

4. A) Heis anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.

B) He doesn#39;t think high bloodpressure is a problem for him.

C) He was not aware of hisillness until diagnosed with it.

D) He did not take the symptomsof his illness seriously.

5. A) Toinvestigate the causes of AIDS.

B) To raise money for AIDSpatients.

C) To rally support for AIDSvictims in Africa.

D) To draw attention to thespread of AIDS in Asia.

6. A) Ithas a very long history.

B) It is a private institution.

C) It was founded by ThomasJefferson.

D) It stresses the comprehensivestudy of nature.

7. A)They can#39;t fit into the machine.C) They were sent to the wrong address.

B) They have not been deliveredyet.D) They were found to be of the wrong type.

8. A) Thefood served in the cafeteria usually lacks variety.

B) The cafeteria sometimesprovides rare food for the students.

C) The students find the servicein the cafeteria satisfactory.

D) The cafeteria tries hard tocater to the students#39; needs.

Questions 9 to 12 are based onthe conversation you have just heard.

9. A) Hepicked up some apples in his yard.

B) He cut some branches off theapple tree.

C) He quarreled with his neighborover the fence.

D) He cleaned up all the garbagein the woman#39;s yard.

10. A)Trim the apple trees in her yard.C) Take the garbage to the curb for her.

B) Pick up the apples that fellin her yard.D) Remove the branches from her yard.

11. A)File a lawsuit against the man.C) Have the man#39;s apple tree cut down.

B) Ask the man forcompensation.D) Throw garbage into the man#39;s yard.

12. A) Hewas ready to make a concession.C) He was not intimidated.

B) He was not prepared to go to court.D)He was a bit concerned.

Questions 13 to 15 are based onthe conversation you have just heard.

13. A)Bad weather.C) Breakdown of the engines.

B) Human error.D) Failure of thecommunications system.

14. A)Two thousand feet.C) Twenty thousand feet.

B) Twelve thousand feet.D)Twenty-two thousand feet.

15. A)Accurate communication is of utmost importance.

B) Pilots should be able to speakseveral foreign languages.

C) Air controllers should keep aclose watch on the weather.

D) Cooperation between pilots andair controllers is essential.

SectionB

Directions:Inthis section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you

willhear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After

youheara question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C)

and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1  with a single line through the

centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based onthe passage you have just heard.

16. A)His father caught a serious disease.C) His mother left him to marry a richbusinessman.

B) His mother passed away.D) Hisfather took to drinking.

17. A) Hedisliked being disciplined.C) He couldn#39;t pay his gambling debts.

B) He was expelled by theuniversity.D) He enjoyed working for a magazine.

18. A)His poems are heavily influenced by French writers.

B) His stories are mainly set inthe State of Virginia.

C) His work is difficult to read.

D) His language is not refined.

19. A) Hegrieved to death over the loss of his wife.C) He was shot dead at the age of40.

B) He committed suicide forunknown reasons.D) He died of heavy drinking.

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based onthe passage you have just heard.

20. A)Women.C) Manual workers.

B) Prisoners.D) School agechildren.

21. A) Hetaught his students how to pronounce the letters first.

B) He matched the letters withthe sounds familiar to the learners.

C) He showed the learners how tocombine the letters into simple words.

D) He divided the letters intogroups according to the way they are written.

22. A) Itcan help people to become literate within a short time.

B) It was originally designed forteaching the English language.

C) It enables the learners tomaster a language within three months.

D) It is effective in teachingany alphabetical language to Brazilians.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based onthe passage you have just heard.

23. A)The crop#39;s blooming period is delayed.C) The topsoil is seriously damaged.

B) The roots of crops are cutoff.D) The growth of weeds is accelerated.

24. A)It#39;s a new way of applying chemical fertilizer.C) It#39;s a creative technique forsaving labor.

B) It#39;s an improved method ofharvesting crops.D) It#39;s a farming process limiting the use of ploughs.

25. A) Inareas with few weeds and unwanted plants.

B) In areas with a severeshortage of water.

C) In areas lacking in chemicalfertilizer.

D) In areas dependent on importedfood.

Section C

Directions: Inthis section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read forthe

first time, you should listen carefully for itsgeneral idea. When the passage is read for the second

time, you are required to fill in the blanks withthe exact words you have just heard.Finally, when

the passage is read for the third time, you shouldcheck what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Adultsare getting smarter about how smart babies are. Not long ago, researcherslearned that

4-day-old couldunderstand (26)_____ and subtraction. Now, British research psychologist

Graham Schafer hasdiscovered that infants can learn words for uncommon things long before

they can speak. Hefound that 9-month-old infants could be taught, through repeated

show-and-tell, to(27)_____ the names of objects that were foreign to them, a result that

(28)_____ in some waysthe received wisdom that, apart from learning to (29)_____ things

common to their dailylives, children don#39;t begin to build vocabulary until well into their second

year. "It#39;s no(30)_____ that children learn words, but the words they tend to know are words

linked to (31)_____situations in the home," explains Schafer. "This is the firstdemonstration that

we can choose whatwords the children will learn and that they can respond to them with an

unfamiliarvoice (32)_____ in an unfamiliar setting."

Figuring out howhumans acquire language may (33)_____ why some children learn to read

and write later thanothers, Schafer says, and could lead to better treatments for developmental

problems. What#39;s more,the study of language (34)_____ offers direct insight into how humans

learn. "Languageis a test case for human cognitive development," says Schafer. But parentseager

to teach their infantsshould take note: even without being taught new words, a control group

(35)_____ the otherinfants within a few months. "This is not about advancingdevelopment," he

says. "It#39;s justabout what children can do at an earlier age than what educators have often

thought."

Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not useany of the words in the bank morethan once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the followingpassage.

Cell phonesprovide instant access to people. They are creating a major   36   inthe social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recentU.S. survey, about half the teenspolled said that their cell phone had   37   their communication with friends. Almost allsaid that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-thirdhad used the cell phone to help a peerin need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers inAustralia, 38  ,said that theirmobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an39   partof their lives; some were so   40   to their phones that the researchersconsidered it an addiction. In Japan,too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchersin one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school studentsused their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than 10 times aday.

Cell phones   41   social connections with peers across time andspace. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences intheir daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more   42   sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can 43  social tolerancebecause they reduce children#39;s interactions with others who are different fromthem. In addition to connectingpeers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagersin Israel concluded that, in that   44   environment, mobile phones were regarded as"security objects" in parent-teen relationships―important becausethey provided the possibility of   45   and communication at all times.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

A) affiliated

B) attached

C) contact

D) contend

E) continuous

F) diminish

G) endurance

H) foster

I)  hazardous

J)  improved

K)  instantaneous

L)  intrinsic

M)  relatively

N)  shift

O)  similarly

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. Youmay choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Waste Not, Want Not

Feeding the 9 Billion: The Tragedy of Waste

[A] By 2075, theUnited Nations#39; mid-range projection for global population is about 9.5billion. This means that there could be an extra three billion mouths to feedby the end of the century, a period in which substantial changes areanticipated in the wealth, calorieintake and dietary preferences of people in developing countries acrossthe world. Such a projection presents mankind with wide-ranging social,economic, environmental and political issues that need to be addressed today to ensurea sustainable future for all. One key issue is how to produce more food in aworld of finite resources.

[B] Today, weproduce about four billion metric tonnes of food per year. Yet due to poorpractices in harvesting, storage and transportation, as well as market andconsumer wastage, it is estimated that 30-50% of all food produced neverreaches a human stomach. Furthermore, thisfigure does not reflect the fact that large amounts of land, energy,fertilisers and water have also been lost in the production of foodstuffs whichsimply end up as waste. This level of wastageis a tragedy that cannot continue if we are to succeed in the challenge ofsustainably meeting our future food demands. |

Where Food Waste Happens

[C] In 2010,the Institution of MechanicalEngineers identified three principal emerging population groups across theworld, based on characteristics associated with their current and projectedstage of economic development.

• Fully developed,mature, post-industrial societies, such as those in Europe, characterised bystable or declining populations which are increasing in age.

• Late-stage developing nations that arecurrently industrialising rapidly, for example China, which will experiencedeclining rates of population growth, coupled with increasing affluence (富裕）and age profile.

• Newly developing countries that arebeginning to industrialise, primarily in Africa, with high to very highpopulation growth rates, and characterised by a predominantly young ageprofile.

[D] Each groupover the coming decades will need to address different issues surrounding foodproduction, storage and transportation, as well as consumer expectations, if weare to continue to feed all our people.

[E] Inless-developed countries, such as those of sub-Saharan Africa and South-EastAsia, wastage tends to occur primarily at the farmer-producer end of the supplychain. Inefficient harvesting, inadequate local transportation and poor infrastructure (基础设施)mean that produceis frequently handled inappropriately and stored under unsuitable farm siteconditions.

[F] In mature,fully developed countries such as the UK, more-efficient farming practices andbetter transport, storage and processing facilities ensure that a largerproportion of the food produced reaches markets and consumers. However,characteristics associated with modern consumer culture mean produce is oftenwasted through retail and customer behaviour.

[G] Majorsupermarkets, in meeting consumer expectations, will often reject entire cropsof perfectly edible fruit and vegetables at the farm because they do not meetexacting marketing standards for their physical characteristics, such as sizeand appearance.

[H] Of the producethat does appear in the supermarket, commonly used sales promotions frequentlyencourage customers to purchase excessive quantities which, in the case ofperishable foodstuffs, inevitably generate wastage in the home. Overall between30% and 50% of what has been bought in developed countries is thrown away bythe purchaser.

Better Use of Our Finite Resources

[I] Wasting foodmeans losing not only life-supporting nutrition but also precious resources, includingland, water and energy. As a global society, therefore, tackling food wastewill help contribute towards addressing a number of key resource issues.

[J] Land Usage:Over the last five decades, improved farming techniques and technologies havehelped to significantly increase crop yields along with a 12% expansion offarmed land use. However, a further increase in farming area without impactingunfavourably on what remains of the world#39;s natural ecosystems appearsunlikely. The challenge is that an increase in animal-based production willrequire more land and resources, as livestock(牲畜)farming demandsextensive land use.

[K] Water Usage:Over the past century, human use of fresh water has increased at more thandouble the rate of population growth. Currently about 3.8 trillion m3of water is usedby hu-mans per year. About 70% of this is consumed by the global agriculturesector, and the level of use will continue to rise over the coming decades.

[L] Betterirrigation can dramatically improve crop yield and about 40% of the world#39;sfood supply is currently derived from irrigated land. However, water used inirrigation is often sourcedunsustainably.Inprocessing foods after the agricultural stage,there are large additional uses of water that need to be tackled in aworld of growing demand. This isparticularly crucial inthe case of meat production, where beef usesabout 50 times more water thanvegetables. In the future, more effective washing techniques, managementprocedures, and recycling andpurification of water will be needed toreduce wastage.

[M]Energy Usage:Energy is an essential resource across the entire food production cycle, with estimates showing anaverage of 7-10 calories of input being required in the production of one calorie of food. This varies dramaticallydepending on crop, from three caloriesfor plant crops to 35 calories in the production of beef. Since much ofthis energy comes from the utilisationof fossil fuels, wastage of food potentially contributes to unnecessaryglobal warming as well as inefficientresource utilisation.

[N] In the modem industrialised agriculturalprocess—which developing nationsare movingtowards in order to increase future yields—energy usage in the makingand application of fertilisersandpesticides represents the single biggest component. Wheat production takes 50% of its energy input for these twoitems alone. Indeed, on a global scale, fertilisermanufacturing consumes about 3-5% of the world#39;s annual naturalgas supply. With production anticipated toincrease by 25% between now and 2030, sustainable energy sourcing willbecome an increasingly major issue. Energy to power machinery, both on the farmand in the storage and processing facilities, adds to the energy total, whichcurrently represents about 3.1% of annual global energy consumption.

Recommendations

[O] Rising population combined with improvednutrition standards and shifting dietary preferences will exert pressure forincreases in global food supply. Engineers, scientists and agriculturalistshave the knowledge, tools and systems that will assist in achievingproductivity increases. However, pressure will grow on finite resources ofland, energy and water. The potentialto provide 60-100% more food by simply eliminating losses, while simultaneouslyfreeing up land, energy and water resources for other uses, is an opportunitythat should not be ignored. Inorder to begin tackling the challenge, the Institution recommends that:

•The UN Food and Agriculture Organisationwork with the international engineering community to ensure governments ofdeveloped nations put in place programmes that transferengineeringknowledge, design know-how, and suitable technology to newly developingcountries. This will help improve produce handling in the harvest, andimmediate post-harvest stages of food production.

•Governments of rapidly developing countries incorporate wasteminimisation thinking into thetransport infrastructure and storage facilities currently being planned,engineered and built.

• Governments in developed nations devise andimplement policy that changes consumer expectations. These should discourageretailers from wasteful practices that lead to the rejection of food on thebasis of cosmetic characteristics, and losses in the home due to excessivepurchasing by consumers.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. Elimination of waste alone canpotentially provide over sixty percent morefood for the growingworld population.

47. The production and application offertilisers and pesticides account for thelargest part of energy use inthe modernindustrialised agricultural process.

48. Consumers in developed countries throwaway nearly half of their food purchases because they tend to buy in excessivequantities.

49. It is recommended that engineeringknowledge and suitable technology in developed countries be introduced todeveloping countries to improve produce handling in the harvest.

50. The predicted global population growthmeans that ways have to be found to produce more food with finite resources.

51. A further expansion of farming area willadversely impact on the world#39;s natural ecosystems.

52. Perfectly eatable fruit and vegetablecrops often fail to reach supermarkets due to their size or physicalappearance.

53. Poor practices in harvesting, storage andtransportation have resulted in a waste of much of the food we produce and thusa waste of land and resources.

54. Food waste inless-developed countries happens mainly at the producers#39; end.

55. Beef consumes far more water to producethan vegetables.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the followingpassage.

Call it the “learning paradox”, the more youstruggle and even fail while you’re trying to learn new information,the better you’re likely to recalland apply that information later.

The learning paradox is at the heart of “productive failure”.a phenomenonidentified by researcher Manu Kapur. Kapur points outthat while the model adopted by many teachers when introducingstudents to new knowledge―providing lots of structure and guidance early on,until the students show that they can do it on their own―makes intuitive sense,it may not be the best way to promote learning. Rather, it’s better to let the learners wrestle (较劲）with the material ontheir own for a while, refraining from giving themany assistance at the start. In apaper published recently, Kapurapplied the principle of productive failure to mathematical problem solving in three schools.

With one group ofstudents, the teacher provided strong “scaffolding”―instructional support—and feedback. With theteacher’s help, thesepupils were able to find the answers to their set of problems. Meanwhile, asecond group was directed to solve the same problems by collaborating with oneanother, without any prompts from their instructor. These students weren’t able to complete the problems correctly. But inthe course of trying to do so, they generated a lot of ideas about the nature of the problems and about whatpotential solutions would look like. And when the two groups were tested onwhat they’d learned, thesecond group “significantlyoutperformed” the first. The apparent struggles of the floundering(挣扎的）grouphave what Kapurcalls a “hidden efficacy”: they lead people to understand the deep structureof problems, not simply their correct solutions. When these studentsencounter a new problem of the same type on a test, they’re able to transfer theknowledge they’ve gathered moreeffectively than those who were the passiverecipients of someone else’s expertise.

In the real world,problems rarely come neatly packaged, so being able to discern their deepstructure is key. But, Kapur notes, none of us like to fail, no matter howoften Silicon Valley entrepreneurspraise the beneficial effects of an idea that fails or a start-up company that crashesand burns. So we need to “design for productive failure” by building it into the learning process. Kapur has identified threeconditions that promote this kind of beneficial struggle. First, choose problems to work on that“challenge but do not frustrate”. Second, provide learners with opportunities toexplain and elaborate on what they’re doing. Third, givelearners the chance to compare and contrast good and bad solutions to theproblems. And to those students who protest this tough-love teaching style: you#39;ll thank me later.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. Whydoes the author call the learning process a paradox?

A) Pains do notnecessarily lead to gains.

B) What is learnedis rarely applicable in life.

C) Failure moreoften than not breeds success.

D) The more istaught, the less is learnt.

57. Whatdoes Kapur disapprove of in teaching?

A) Asking studentsto find and solve problems on their own.

B) Developingstudents’ ability to applywhat they learn.

C) Giving studentsdetailed guidance and instruction.

D) Allowingstudents a free hand in problem solving.

58.What do people tend to think of providing strong “scaffolding” in teaching?

A) It will maketeaching easier.             C) It can motivateaverage students.

B) It is asensible way of teaching.         D) It will enhancestudents’ confidence.

59.What kind of problem should be given to students to solve according to Kapur?

A) It should beable to encourage collaborative learning.

B) It should beeasy enough so as not to frustrate students.

C) It should besolvable by average students with ease.

D) It should bedifficult enough but still within their reach.

60.What can be expected of “this tough-love teaching style” (Lines 8-9, Para. 5)?

A) Students willbe grateful in the long run.

B) Teachers willmeet with a lot of resistance.

C) Parents willthink it too harsh on their kids.

D) It may not beable to yield the desired results.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the followingpassage.

Vernon Bowman, a75-year-old farmer from rural Indiana, did something that got him sued. Heplanted soybeans (大豆）sold as cattlefeed. But Monsanto, the agricultural giant, insists it has a patent on the kindof genetically modified seeds Bowman used―and that the patent continues to allof the progeny (后代)of those seeds.

Have we reallygotten to the point that planting a seed can lead to a high-stakes SupremeCourt patent lawsuit? We have, and that case is Bowman vs. Monsanto, which is being argued on Tuesday. Monsanto’s critics have attacked the company for its “merciless legal battles against small farmers,” and they are hoping this will be the case thatputs it in its place. They are also hoping the court’s ruling will rein in patent law, which isincreasingly being used to claim new life forms as private property.

Monsanto and itssupporters, not surprisingly, see the case very differently. They argue thatwhen a company like Monsanto goes to great expense to create a valuable newgenetically modi-fied seed, it must be able to protect its property interests.If farmers like Bowman are able to use these seeds without paying thedesignated fee, it will remove the incentives for companies like Monsanto toinnovate.

Monsanto accusedBowman of patent infringement and won an $84,456 damage award. Rather than payup or work out a settlement, Bowman decided to appeal—all the way to theSupreme Court. He said “Monsanto shouldnot be able, just because they’ve got billions ofdollars to spend on legal fees, to try to terrify farmers into obeying theiragreements by massive force and threats.”

The central issuein the case is whether patent rights to livingthings extend to the progeny ofthose things. Monsanto argues that itspatents extend to latergenerations. But Bowman#39;s supporters argue that Monsanto is trying to expandthe scope of patents in ways that wouldenrich big corporations and hurt small farmers. They say that if Monsanto wins, the impact will extend far beyondagriculture―locking up property rights in an array of important areas.Knowledge Ecology Internationalcontends that the Supreme Court’s ruling could have“profound effects” on other biotechindustries.

If this were aHollywood movie, the courageous old Indiana farmer would beat the profit-minded corporationbefore the credits rolled. But this is a real-life argument before a Supreme Court that has a well-earnedreputation for looking out for the interests of large corporations. This case gives the court an opportunity to reinin the growing use of patents to protectgenetically engineered crops and other life forms―but the court may welluse it to give this trend a powerful newendorsement.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

61. Whydid Vernon Bowman get sued?

A) He usedgenetically modified seeds to feed his cattle.

B) He plantedsoybeans without paying for the patent.

C) He made aprofit out of Monsanto’s commercial secrets.

D) He obtainedMonsanto’s patented seedsby illegal means.

62.What are Monsanto’s critics hoping the Supreme Court will do?

A) Allow small farmers to grow genetically modified soybeans.

B) Punish Monsantofor infringing on small farmers#39; interests.

C) Rule againstMonsanto’s excessiveextension of its patent rights.

D) Abolish thepatent law concerning genetically engineered seeds.

63. What is the argument of Monsanto and itssupporters?

A) Patent rightsshould be protected to encourage innovation.

B) Bowman cannotplant the seeds without Monsanto#39;s consent.

C) Monsanto hasthe right to recover the costs of its patented seeds.

D) Patent law ongenetically modified seeds should not be challenged.

64.What is the key issue in the Bowman vs. Monsantocase?

A) Whether patentfor seeds is harmful to agricultural production.

B) Whether thebiotech industry should take priority over agriculture.

C) Whethermeasures should be introduced to protect small farmers.

D) Whether patentfor living things applies to their later generations.

65.What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A) Hollywoodmovies usually have an unexpected, dramatic impact on real-life arguments.

B) The SupremeCourt will try to change its reputation for supporting large corporations.

C) The SupremeCourt is likely to persuade the parties concerned to work out a settlement.

D) The rulingwould be in Bowman’s favor if thecase were argued in a Hollywood movie.

Part IV                           Translation(30minutes)

Directions: Forthis part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.

闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器（porcelain）也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

答案

1~5 DCBCD          6~10ABABD        11~15 ACBCA      16~20 BCCDA      21~25 DACDB

26. addition    27.recognize  28. challenges        29. identify     30. secret

31. specific     32.giving instructions   33. shed light on    34. acquisition              35. caught up with

36~40 NJOLB              41~45HKFIC        46~50 ONHOA      51~55 JGBEL       56~60 CCBDA

61~65 BCADD

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顶端

77恋兰

ZxID：11247485

23201鲜花 10鸡蛋

等级: 内阁元老

配偶: 浮生缘

http://www.paipai.fm/r5969083/

举报只看该作者沙发发表于: 2014-05-13 0

2013年12月英语六级真题及答案(中秋庆祝篇)

2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay about the impact of the information explosion byreferring to the saying “A wealth of information creates a poverty ofattention.” You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explainwhat you can do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information. You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension                   (30 minutes)

2013年12月英语六级听力真题音频点击收听

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversationand the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) andD), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

1. A) Labor problems.

B) Weather conditions.

C) An error in the order.

D) Misplacing of goods.

2. A) What the woman says makes a lot ofsense.

B) The rich are opposed to socialwelfare.

C) He is sympathetic with poor people.

D) He agrees with Mr. Johnson’s views.

3. A) He will be practicing soccer.

B) He has work to finish in time.

C) He will be attending a meeting.

D) He has a tough problem to solve.

4. A) Mary should get rid of her pet as soonas possible.

B) Mary will not be able to keep a dog in thebuilding.

C)Mary is not happy with the ban on petanimals.

D)Mary might as well send her dog to herrelative.

5.A) The twins’ voices are quite different.

B) Lisa and Gale are not very much alike.

C) He does not believe they are twin sisters.

D) The woman seems a bit hard of hearing.

6.A) The serious economic crisis in Britain.

B) A package deal to be signed in November.

C) A message from their business associates.

D) Their ability to deal with financialproblems.

7.A) It is impossible to remove the staincompletely.

B) The man will be charged extra for theservice.

C) The man has to go to the main cleaningfacility.

D) Cleaning the pants will take longer thanusual.

8.A) European markets.

B) A protest rally.

C) Luxury goods.

D) Imported products.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on theconversation you have just heard.

9.A) He made a business trip.

B) He had a quarrel with Marsha.

C) He talked to her on the phone.

D) He resolved a budget problem.

10.A) She may have to be fired for poorperformance.

B) She has developed some serious mentalproblem.

C) She is in charge of the firm’s budgetplanning.

D) She supervises a number of importantprojects.

11.A) She failed to arrive at the airport ontime.

B) David promised to go on the trip in herplace.

C) Something unexpected happened at her home.

D) She was not feeling herself on that day.

12.A) He frequently gets things mixed up.

B) He is always finding fault with Marsha.

C) He has been trying hard to cover forMarsha.

D) He often fails to follow through on hisprojects.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on theconversation you have just heard.

13.A) They are better sheltered from all theoutside temptations.

B) They are usually more motivated to competewith their peers.

C) They have more opportunities to developtheir leadership skills.

D) They make an active part in moreextracurricular activities.

14.A) Its chief positions are held by women.

B) Its teaching staff consists of women only.

C) Its students aim at managerial posts.

D) Its students are role models of women.

15.A) It is under adequate control.

B) It is traditional but colourful.

C) They are more or less isolated from theoutside world.

D) They have ample opportunities to meet theopposite sex.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Boththe passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a singleline through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passageyou have just heard.

16.A) By invading the personal space oflisteners.

B) By making gestures at strategic points.

C) By speaking in a deep, loud voice.

D) By speaking with the local accent.

17.A) To promote sportsmanship among businessowners.

B) To encourage people to support localsports groups.

C) To raise money for a forthcoming localsports event.

D) To show his family’s contribution to thecommunity.

18.A) They are known to be the style of thesports world.

B) They would certainly appeal to hisaudience.

C) They represent the latest fashion in thebusiness circles.

D) They are believed to communicate power andinfluence.

19.A) To cover up his own nervousness.

B) To create a warm personal atmosphere.

C) To enhance the effect of background music.

D) To allow the audience to better enjoy hisslides.

PassageTwo

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passageyou have just heard.

20.A) She was the first educated slave ofJohn Whitley’s.

B) She was the greatest female poet inColonial America.

C) She was born about the time of the War ofIndependence.

D) She was the first African-American slaveto publish a book.

21.A) Revise in a number of times.

B) Obtain consent from her owner.

C) Go through a scholarly examination.

D) Turn to the colonial governor for help.

22.A) Literary works calling for theabolition of slavery.

B) Religious scripts popular among slaves inAmerica.

C) A rich stock of manuscripts left byhistorical figures.

D) Lots of lost works written by African-Americanwomen.

PassageThree

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passageyou have just heard.

23.A) It is a trait of generouscharacter.

B) It is a reflection of self-esteem.

C) It is an indicator of high intelligence.

D) It is a sign of happiness and confidence.

24.A) It was self-defeating.

B) It was aggressive.

C) It was the essence of comedy.

D) It was something admirable.

25.A) It is a double-edged sword.

B) It is a feature of a given culture.

C) It is a unique gift of human beings.

D) It is a result of both nature and nurture.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear apassage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you shouldlisten carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secondtime, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.

It is important that we be mindful of theearth, the planet out of which we are born and by which we are nourished,guided, healed—the planet, however, which we have (26)_______to a considerabledegree in these past two centuries of (27)_______ exploitation. Thisexploitation has reached such (28)_______ that presently it appears that some hundredsof thousands of species will be (29)_______ before the end of the century.

In our times, human shrewdness has masteredthe deep (30)_______ of the earth at a level far beyond the capacities ofearlier peoples. We can break the mountains apart; we can drain the rivers andflood the valleys. We can turn the most luxuriant forests into throwaway paperproducts. We can (31)_______ the great grass cover of the western plains andpour (32)_______ chemicals into the soil until the soil is dead and blows awayin the wind. We can pollute the air with acids, the rivers with sewage(污水), the seas with oil. We can invent computers(33)_______ processing ten million calculations per second. And why?To increasethe volume and the speed with which we move natural resources through theconsumer economy to the junk pile or the waste heap. Our managerial skills aremeasured by the competence (34)_______ in accelerating this process. If inthese activities the physical features of the planet are damaged, if theenvironment is made inhospitable for (35)_______ living species, then so be it.We are, supposedly, creating a technological wonderworld.

Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: Inthis section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the followingpassage.

Quite often, educators tell families ofchildren who are learning English as a second language to speak only English,and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may havegood36  ,their advice to families ismisguided, and it   37   from misunderstandings about the process oflanguage acquisition. Educators may fear that children hearing two languageswill become 38   confused and thus theirlanguage development will be 39  ;thisconcern is not documented in the literature. Children are capable of learningmore than one language, whether   40   or sequentially(依次地). In fact, most children outside of theUnited States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases,multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an  41   and even a necessity in many areas.

It is also of concern that the misguidedadvice that students should speak only English is given primarily to poorfamilies with limited educational opportunities, not to wealthier families whohave many educational advantages. Since children from poor families often are   42  as at-risk for academic failure, teachers believe that advising familiesto speak English only is appropriate. Teachers consider learning two languagesto be too   43   for children from poor families, believingthat the children are already burdened by their home situations.

If families do not know English or havelimited English skills themselves, how can they communicate in English?Advising non-English-speaking families to speak only English is   44  to telling them not to communicate with or interact with their children.Moreover, the  45message is that thefamily#39;s native language is not important or valued.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) asset

B) delayed

C) deviates

D) equivalent

E) identified

F) intentions

G) object

H) overwhelming   I) permanently

J) prevalent

K) simultaneously

L) stems

M) successively

N) underlying

O) visualizing

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going toread a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement containsinformation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2

The Uses of Difficulty

The brain likes a challenge—and putting a fewobstacles in its way may well boost its creativity.

A)   JackWhite, the former frontman of the White Stripes and an influential figure amongfellow musicians, likes to make things difficult for himself. He uses cheapguitars that won’t stay in shape or in tune. When performing, he positions hisinstruments in a way that is deliberately inconvenient, so that switching fromguitar to organ mid-song involves a mad dash across the stage. Why? Becausehe’s on the run from what he describes as a disease that preys on every artist:“ease of use”. When making music gets too easy, says White, it becomes harderto make it sing.

B)    It’san odd thought. Why would anyone make their work more difficult than it alreadyis? Yet we know that difficulty can pay unexpected dividends. In 1966, soonafter the Beatles had finished work on “Rubber Soul”, Paul McCartney lookedinto the possibility of going to America to record their next album. Theequipment in American studios was more advanced than anything in Britain, whichhad led the Beatles’ great rivals, the Rolling Stones, to make their latestalbum, “Aftermath”, in Los Angeles. McCartney found that EMI’s (百代唱片) contractual clauses made it prohibitivelyexpensive to follow suit, and the Beatles had to make do with the primitivetechnology of Abbey Road.

C)    Luckyfor us. Over the next two years they made their most groundbreaking work,turning the recording studio into a magical instrument of its own. Preciselybecause they were working with old-fashioned machines, George Martin and histeam of engineers were forced to apply every ounce of their creativity to solvethe problems posed to them by Lennon and McCartney. Songs like “Tomorrow NeverKnows”, “Strawberry Fields Forever”, and “A Day in the Life” featuredrevolutionary sound effects that dazzled and mystified Martin’s Americancounterparts.

D)   Sometimesit’s only when a difficulty is removed that we realise what it was doing forus. For more than two decades, starting in the 1960s, the poet Ted Hughes saton the judging panel of an annual poetry competition for Britishschoolchildren. During the 1980s he noticed an increasing number of long poemsamong the submissions, with some running to 70 or 80 pages. These poems wereverbally inventive and fluent, but also “strangely boring”. After makinginquiries Hughes discovered that they were being composed on computers, thenjust finding their way into British homes.

E)    Youmight have thought any tool which enables a writer to get words on to the pagewould be an advantage. But there may be a cost to such facility. In aninterview with the Paris Review Hughes speculated that when a person puts pento paper, “you meet the terrible resistance of what happened your first year atit, when you couldn’t write at all”. As the brain attempts to force theunsteady hand to do its bidding, the tension between the two results in a morecompressed, psychologically denser expression. Remove that resistance and youare more likely to produce a 70-page ramble (不着边际的长篇大论).

F)    Ourbrains respond better to difficulty than we imagine. In schools, teachers andpupils alike often assume that if a concept has been easy to learn, then thelesson has been successful. But numerous studies have now found that whenclassroom material is made harder to absorb, pupils retain more of it over thelong term, and understand it on a deeper level.

G)   Asa poet, Ted Hughes had an acute sensitivity to the way in which constraints onself-expression, like the disciplines of metre and rhyme (韵律), spur creative thought. What applies topoets and musicians also applies to our daily lives. We tend to equate（等同于）happiness with freedom, but, as thepsychotherapist and writer Adam Phillips has observed, without obstacles to ourdesires it’sharder to know what we want, or where we’re heading. He tells the story of a patient,a first-time mother who complained that her young son was always clinging toher, wrapping himself around her legs wherever she went. She never had a momentto herself, she said, because her son was “always in the way”. When Phillipsasked her where she would go if he wasn’t in the way, she replied cheerfully,“Oh, I wouldn’t know where I was!”

H)   Takeanother common obstacle: lack of money. People often assume that more money willmake them happier. But economists who study the relationship between money andhappiness have consistently found that, above a certain income, the two do notreliably correlate. Despite the ease with which the rich can acquire almostanything they desire, they are just as likely to be unhappy as the middleclasses. In this regard at least, F. Scott Fitzgerald was wrong.

I)     Indeed,ease of acquisition is the problem. The novelist Edward St Aubyn has a narratorremark of the very rich that, “not having to consider affordability, theirdesires rambled on like unstoppable bores, relentless (持续不断的) and whimsical（反复无常的）at the same time.” When Boston College, aprivate research university, wanted a better feel for its potential donors, itasked the psychologist Robert Kenny to investigate the mindset of thesuper-rich. He surveyed 165 households, most of which had a net worth of $25mor more. He found that many of his subjects were confused by the infiniteoptions their money presented them with. They found it hard to know what towant, creating a kind of existential bafflement. One of them put it like this:“You know, Bob, you can just buy so much stuff, and when you get to the pointwhere you can just buy so much stuff, now what are you going to do?”

J)    Theinternet makes information billionaires out of all of us, and the architects ofour online experiences are catching on to the need to make things creativelydifficult. Twitter’s huge success is rooted in the simple but profound insightthat in a medium with infinite space for self-expression, the most interestingthing we can do is restrict ourselves to 140 characters. The music service ThisIs My Jam helps people navigate the tens of millions of tracks now availableinstantly via Spotify and iTunes. Users pick their favourite song of the weekto share with others. They only get to choose one. The service was onlylaunched this year, but by the end of September 650,000 jams had been chosen.Its co-founder Matt Ogle explains its raison d’être (存在的理由) like this: “In an age of endless choice, wewere missing a way to say: ‘This. This is the one you should listen to’.”

K)   Today’sworld offers more opportunity than ever to follow the advice of the WalkerBrothers and make it easy on ourselves. Compared with a hundred years ago, ourlives are less tightly bound by social norms and physical constraints.Technology has cut out much of life’s donkeywork, and we have more freedomsthan ever: we can wear what we like and communicate with hundreds of friends atonce at the click of a mouse. Obstacles are everywhere disappearing. Few of uswish to turn the clock back, but perhaps we need to remind ourselves how usefulthe right obstacles can be. Sometimes, the best route to fulfilment is the pathof more resistance.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. The rigorous requirements placed on thewriting of poetry stimulate the poet’s creativity.

47. With creativity, even old-fashionedinstruments may produce spectacular sound effects.

48. More money does not necessarily bringgreater happiness.

49. It IS a false assumption that lessonsshould be made easier to learn.

50. Obstacles deliberately placed in thecreation of music contribute to its success.

51. Those who enjoy total freedom may notfind themselves happy.

52. Ted Hughes discovered many long poemssubmitted for poetry competition were composed oncomputers.

53. Maybe we need to bear in bear in mindthat the right obstacles help lead us to greater achievements.

54. An investigation found that many of thesuper-rich were baffled by the infinite choices theirmoney made available.

55. One free social networking website turnedout to successful because it limited each posting to one hundred and fortycharacters.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in thissection. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there arefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the followingpassage.

There was a time not long ago when newscience Ph.D.s in the United States were expected to pursue a career path inacademia (学术界).Buttoday, most graduates end up working outside academia, not only in industry butalso in careers such as science policy, communications, and patent law. Partlythis is a result of how bleak the academic job market is, but there#39;s also arising awareness of career options that Ph.D. scientists haven#39;t trained fordirectly—but for which they have useful knowledge, skills, and experience.Still, there#39;s a huge disconnect between the way we currently train scientistsand the actual employment opportunities available for them, and an urgent needfor dramatic improvements in training programs to help close the gap. Onecritical step that could help to drive change would be to require Ph.D.students and postdoctoral scientists to follow an individual development plan(IDP).

In 2002 the U.S. Federation of AmericanSocieties for Experimental Biology recommended that every postdoctoralresearcher put together an IDP m consultation with an adviser. Since then,several academic institutions have begun to require IDPsforpostdocs And inJune, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Biomedical ResearchWorkforce Working Group recommended that the NIH require IDPs for theapproximately 32,000 postdoctoral researchers they support.Other fundingagencies, public and private, are moving in a similar direction.

IDPs have long been used by governmentagencies and the private sector to achieve specificgoals for the employee andthe organization. The aim is to ensure that employees have an explicittool tohelp them understand their own abilities and aspirations, determine careerpossibilities, and set (usually short-term) goals. In science, graduatestudents and new Ph.D. scientists can use an IDP to identify and navigate aneffective career path.

Afree Web application for this purpose,called myIDF.has become available this week. It#39;s designed to guideearly-career scientists through a confidential, rigorous process ofintrospection (内省)tocreate a customized career plan. Guided by expert knowledge from a panel ofscience-focused career advisers, each trainee’s self-assessment is used to rank a set ofcareer trajectories(轨迹).After the user has identified a long-term career goal.myIDP walks her or himthrough the process of setting short-term goals directed toward accumulatingnew skills and experiences im?portant for that career choice.

Although surveys reveal the IDP process to beuseful, trainees report a need for additional resources to help them identify along-term career path and complete an IDP. Thus, myIDP will be most effectivewhen it’s embedded in larger career-development efforts. For example,universities could incorporate IDPs into their graduate curricula to helpstudents discuss, plan, prepare for, and achieve their long-term career goals.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. What do we learn about new science Ph.D.sin the United States today?

A) They lack the skills and expertise neededfor their jobs.

B) They can choose from a wider range ofwell-paying jobs.

C) They often have to seek jobs outside theacademic circle.

D) They are regarded as the nation’s drivingforce of change.

57. What does the author say about America’sPh.D. training?

A) It should be improved to better suit thejob market.

B) It is closely linked to future careerrequirements.

C) It should be re-oriented to careersoutside academia.

D) It includes a great variety of practicalcourses.

58. What was recommended for Ph.D.s andpostdoctoral researchers?

A) They meet the urgent needs of thecorporate world.

B) A long-term career goal be set as early aspossible.

C) An IDP be made in consultation with anadviser.

D) They acquire an explicit tool to helpobtain jobs.

59. Government agencies and the privatesector often use IDPs to __________.

A) bring into full play the skills andexpertise of their postdoctoral researchers

B) help employees make the best use of theirabilities to achieve their career goals

C) place employees in the most appropriatepositions

D) hire the most suitable candidates to workfor them

60. What do we know about myIDP?

A) It is an effective tool of self-assessmentand introspection for better career plans.

B) It enables people to look into variouspossibilities and choose the career they love.

C) It promises a long-term career path.

D) It is part of the graduate curricula.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the followingpassage.

Just over a decade into the 21st century,women’s progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They hold thehighest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. Awoman holds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won theNobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators inSilicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana—in these and countless otherareas, women are leaving their mark.

But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, womenaren’t allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1,000women die in honor killings everyyear. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and political power.The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.

To measure the state of women’s progress.Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affect women’s lives;treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, and accessto education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and theWorldEconomic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics,we measured 28 factorsto come up with our rankings.

Countries with the highest scores tend to beclustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, andequalrights are constitutionally enshrined(神圣化). But there were some surprises. Someotherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for politicalrepresentation. Canadaranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countriessuch as Cuba and Burundi. Doesthissuggest that a woman in a nation’s top officetranslates to better lives for women in general? Not exactly.“Trying toquantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very fewcountries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,”saysAnne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.

Of course, no index can account foreverything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way thatit treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad strokes andgeneralities. Some things simply can’t be measured. And cross-culturalcomparisons can t account for difference of opinion.

Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear.For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made byHillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

summit. “When we liberate the economicpotential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities,nations, and the world,” she said. “There’s a stimulative effect that kicks inwhen women have greater access to jobs and the economic lives of our countries:Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts.More food.Moreeducational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential ofall women, we boost opportunity for all people.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61. What does the author think about women’sprogress so far?

A) It still leaves much to be desired.

B) It is too remarkable to be measured.

C) It has greatly changed women’s fate.

D) It is achieved through hard struggle.

62. In what countries have women made thegreatest progress?

A) Where women hold key posts in government.

B) Where women’s rights are protected by law.

C) Where women’s participation in managementis high.

D) Where women enjoy better education andhealth care.

63. What do Newsweek rankings reveal aboutwomen in Canada?

A) They care little about politicalparticipation.

B) They are generally treated as equals bymen.

C) They have a surprisingly low social status.

D) They are underrepresented in politics.

64. What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of awoman being in a nation’s top office?

A) It does not necessarily raise women’spolitical awareness.

B) It does not guarantee a better life forthe nation’s women.

C) It enhances women’s status.

D) It boosts women’s confidence.

65. What does Hillary Clinton suggest we doto make the world a better place?

A) Give women more political power.

B) Stimulate women’s creativity.

C) Allow women access to education.

D) Tap women’s economic potential.

Part IVTranslation  (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write youranswer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月光空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日。月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿（longevity）”、“福”或“和”等字样。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

答案

1~5 ADCBB   6~10 CDBCA    11~15 ACCAD    16~20 ABDBD    21~25 CDDBA

26. abused   27. industrial    28.extremes    29. extinguished     30. mysteries

31. tear apart  32. toxic        33. capable of   34. manifested      35. a multitude of

36~40 FLIBK 41~45 AEHDN   46~50 GCHFA    51~55 GDKIJ     56~60 CACBA

61~65 ABDBD

回复引用

顶端

77恋兰

ZxID：11247485

23201鲜花 10鸡蛋

等级: 内阁元老

配偶: 浮生缘

http://www.paipai.fm/r5969083/

举报只看该作者板凳发表于: 2014-05-13 0

2013年12月英语六级真题及答案(中国园林篇)

PartI Writing     (30 minutes)

（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）

Directions:For this part, youare allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to thesaying“Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to dealwith them.”You can cite examples toillustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability todeal with problems and be happy. You should writeat least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II     Listening Comprehension     (30 minutes)

2013年12月英语六级听力真题音频点击收听

Section A

Directions:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about whatwas said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。

1. A) The rock band needs morehours of practice.

B) The rock bandis going to play here for a month.

C) Their hard workhas resulted in a big success.

D) He appreciatesthe woman’s help with the band.

2. A)Go on a diving tour in Europe.                         C) Travel overseas onhis own.

B) Add 300 dollarsto his budget.                          D) Join a packagetour to Mexico.

3. A)In case some problem should occur.                  C)To avoid more work later on.

B) Something unexpected has happened.                D) To make better preparations.

4. A)The woman asked for a free pass to try out the facilities.

B) The man isgoing to renew his membership in a fitness center.

C) The woman cangive the man a discount if he joins the club now.

D) The man can tryout the facilities before he becomes a member.

5. A)He is not afraid of challenge.                B) He is not fitto study science.

C) He is worriedabout the test.                 D) He is going todrop the physics course

6. A)Pay for part of the picnic food.                        C) Buy somethingspecial for Gary.

B) Invite Gary’s family to dinner.                         D) Take some food tothe picnic.

7. A) Bus drivers’ working conditions.                      C)Public transportation.

B) A labor disputeat a bus company.                            D) A corporatetakeover.

8. A)The bank statement.                                        C) The payment foran order.

B) Their sales overseas.                                        D) The check justdeposited.

Questions 9 to 11are based on theconversation you have just heard.

9. A) Ahotel receptionist.                                        C) A shopassistant.

B) A private secretary.                                         D) A salesmanager.

10. A)Voice.                                                          C) Appearance.

B) Intelligence.                                                  D) Manners.

11. A)Arrange one more interview.                          C) Report thematter to their boss.

B) Offer the job to David Wallace.                      D) Hire BarbaraJones on a trial basis.

Questions 12 to 15are based on theconversation you have just heard.

12. A)He invented the refrigerator.                          C) He got a degreein Mathematics.

B) He patented his first invention.                        D) He was admittedto university.

13. A)He distinguished himself in low temperature physics.

B) He fell in lovewith Natasha Willoughby.

C) He became aprofessor of Mathematics.

D) He started towork on refrigeration.

14. A)Finding the true nature of subatomic particles.

B) Their work onvery high frequency radio waves.

C) Laying thefoundations of modem mathematics.

D) Their discoveryof the laws of cause and effect.

15. A)To teach at a university.                                 C)To spend his remaining years.

B) To patent hisinventions.                                 D) To have athree-week holiday.

Section B

Directions:In this section,you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will he spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A)They have fallen prey to wolves.

B) They havebecome a tourist attraction.

C) They havecaused lots of damage to crops.

D) They havebecome a headache to the community.

17. A)To celebrate their victory.                              C) To scare thewolves.

B) To cheer up the hunters.                                 D) To alert thedeer.

18. A)They would help to spread a fatal disease.

B) They would posea threat to the children.

C) They wouldendanger domestic animals.

D) They wouldeventually kill off the deer.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 22are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A)She is an interpreter.                                     C) She is a domesticservant.

B) She is a tourist guide.                                     D) She isfrom the royal family.

20. A)It was used by the family to hold dinner parties.

B) It is situated at the foot of a beautifulmountain.

C) It was frequently visited by heads ofstate.

D) It is furnishedlike one in a royal palace.

21. A)It is elaborately decorated.

B) It has survivedsome 2,000 years.

C) It is very big, with only six slim legs.

D) It is shapedlike an ancient Spanish boat.

22. A)They are uncomfortable to sit in for long.

B) They do notmatch the oval table at all.

C) They have lostsome of their legs.

D) They are interesting to look at.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A) It in an uncommon infectious disease.

B) Itdestroys the patient’s ability to think.

C) It is a disease very difficult to diagnose.

D) It is the biggest crippler of young adults.

24. A) Search for the best cure.                                C) Write a bookabout her life.

B)Hurry up and live life.                                          D) Exercise more andwork harder.

25. A) Aggressive.                                                  C) Sophisticated.

B)Adventurous.                                                D) Self-centered.

Section C

Directions:In this section, you will heara passage three times. When the passage is read fort the first time, you shouldlisten carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in theblanks with the exact words youhave just heard. Finally, when the passage isread for the third time, you shouldcheck what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

It’s difficult toestimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling, where childrenarenot sent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parents.(26)_______ and courtdecisions have made it legally possible in most states for parents to educatetheir children at home, and each year more people take advantage of thatopportunity. Some states require parents or a home tutor to meet teachercertification standards, and many require parents to completelegal forms toverify that their children are receiving (27) _______ in state-approvedcurricula.

Supports of homeeducation claim that it’s less expensiveand far more (28)_______ thanmass publiceducation. Moreover, they cite several advantages: alleviation of schoolovercrowding, strengthened family relationships, lower (29) _______ rates, the factthat students are allowed to learn at their own rate, increased (30) _______, higherstandardized test scores, and reduced (31) _______ problems.

Critics of thehome schooling movement (32)_______ that it creates as manyproblems as it solves. They acknowledge that, in a few cases, home schoolingoffers educational opportunities superior to those found in most publicschools, but few parents can provide sucheducational advantages. Some parents who withdraw their children from theschools (33)_______ homeschooling have an inadequate educational background and insufficientformal training to provide a satisfactory education fortheir children. Typically, parents havefewertechnological resources (34) _______ than do schools.However, the relatively inexpensivecomputer technology that is readilyavailable today is causing some to challenge the notion that home schooling isin any way (35)_______ more highly structured classroom education.

Part III    Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identified by aletter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45are based on the following passage.

Some performanceevaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive a veryfavorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion.If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their36 and reduce their effortor search for a new job at a firm that will37 them for high performance.Supervisors should acknowledge high performance so that the employee willcontinue to perform well in the future.

Employees whoreceive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must 38the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, mayhave a temporary adverse 39 on performance and can be corrected. Otherreasons, such as a bad attitude, may not betemporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they mustdecide whether to take any 40 actions. If the employees were unaware oftheir own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluation can pinpoint(指出) the deficienciesthat employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simply need tomonitor the employees 41 and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected.

If the employeeswere already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however,they may be unable or unwilling to correct them. This situation is moreserious, and the supervisor may need to take action. The action should be 42 with thefirm’s guidelines and may include reassigning the employees to new jobs, 43them temporarily, or firing them. A supervisor’s action toward a poorlyperforming worker can 44 the attitudes of other employees. If no 45isimposed on an employee for poor performance, other employees may react byreducing their productivity as well.

注意：此部分题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) additional

B) affect

C)  aptly

D) assimilate

H) circulation

F) closely

G)  consistent

H)  enthusiasm

I) identify

J) impact

K) penalty

L) reward

M) simplifying

N) suspending

O) vulnerable

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passagewith tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.

The College Essay:Why Those 500 Words Drive Us Crazy

A) Meg is a lawyer-mom in suburban Washington, D.C., where lawyer-momsare thick on the ground. Her son Doug is one of several hundred thousandhigh-school seniors who had a painful fall. The deadline for applying to hisfavorite college was Nov. 1,and by early October he had yet to fill out the application. More to thepoint, he had yet to settle on a subject for the personal essay accompanyingthe application. According to college folklore, a well-turned essay has thepower to seduce (诱惑)an admissions committee. “He wanted to do one thing at a time,” Meg says, explaining her son’s delay. “But really, my son is a huge procrastinator(拖延者). The essay is thehardest thing to do, so he’s put it off the longest.” Friends and other veterans of the process have warned Meg that the backand forth between editing parent and writing student can be traumatic (痛苦的).

B) Back in the good old days—say, two years ago, when the last of mychildren suffered the ordeal (折磨)—a high-school student applying to college could procrastinate all theway to New Year’s Day of their senior year, assuming they could withstand theparental pestering (烦扰).But things change fastin the nail-biting world of college admissions.The recent trend toward earlydecision and early action among selective colleges and universities has pushedthe traditional deadline of January up to Nov. 1 or early December for manystudents.

C) If the time for heel-dragging has been shortened, the true source ofthe anxiety and panic remains what it has always been. And it’s not theapplication itself. A college application is a relatively straightforwardquestionnaire asking for the basics: name, address, family history employmenthistory. It would all be innocent enough—20 minutes of busy work—except it comesattached to a personal essay.

D) “There are good reasons it causes such anxiety,” says Lisa Sohmer,director of college counseling at the Garden School in Jackson Heights, N.Y.“It’s not just the actual writing. By noweverything else isalready set. Your course load is set, your grades are set, your test scores areset. But the essay is something you can still control, and it’s open-ended. Sothe temptation is to write and rewrite and rewrite.” Or stall and stall andstall.

E) The application essay, along with its mythicalimportance, is a recent invention. In the 1930s,when only one in 10 Americanshad a degree from a four-year college, an admissionscommittee was content toask for a sample of applicants’ school papers to assess their writing ability.By the 1950s, most schools required a brief personal statement of why thestudent had chosen to apply to one school over another.

F) Today nearly 70 percent of graduating seniors go off to college,including two-year and four-yearinstitutions. Even apart from the increased competition, the kids enter aprocess that has been utterlytransformed from the one baby boomers knew. Nearly all application materials are submitted online, and the CommonApplication provides a one-size-fits form accepted by more than 400 schools,including the nation’s most selective.

G) Those schools usually require essays of their own, butthe longest essay, 500 words maximum, is generally attached to the CommonApplication. Students choose one of six questions. Applicants are asked to describean ethical dilemma they’ve faced and its impact on them, or discuss a publicissue of special concern to them, or tell of a fictional character or creativework that has profoundly influenced them. Another question invites them towrite about the importance (to them, again) of diversity―a word that hasassumed magic power in American higher education. The most popular option:write on a topic of your choice.

H) “Boys inparticular look at the other questions and say, ‘Oh, that’s too much work,’” says John Boshoven, a counselor in the Ann Arbor,Mich., public schools. “They think if they do a topic of their choice, “I’ll just go get that history paper I did last yearon the Roman Empire and turn it into a first-person application essay!’ And they end up producing something utterlyridiculous.”

I) Talking toadmissions professionals like Boshoven, you realize that the list of “don’ts” in essay writing is much longer than the“dos.”“No book reports, no history papers, no character studies,”says Sohmer.

J) “It drives youcrazy,how easily kidsslip into clichés(老生常谈),”says Boshoven.“They don’t realize how typical their experiences arc. ‘I scored the winning goal in soccer against ourarch-rival.’‘My grandfatherserved in World War II, and I hope to be just like him someday.’ That may mean a lot to that particular kid. But inthe world of the application essay, it’s nothing. You’ll lose the reader in thefirst paragraph.”

K) “The greateststrength you bring to this essay,” says the College Board’s how-to book, “is 17years or so of familiarity with the topic: YOU. The form and style are veryfamiliar, and best of all, you are the world-class expert on the subject of YOU ...It has been the subject of your close scrutiny every morning since you weretall enough to see into the bathroom mirror.” Thekey word in the CommonApplication prompts is “you.”

L) The college admission essay containsthe grandest American themes―status anxiety, parental piety (孝顺), intellectual standards—and so it is only a matterof time before it becomes infected by the country’s culture of excessiveconcern with self-esteem. Even if the question isostensibly (表面上) about somethingoutside the self (describe a fictional character or solve a problem ofgeopolitics), the essay invariably returns to the favorite topic: what is its impact on YOU?

M)“For all the anxiety the essay causes,” says BillMcClintick of Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania, “it’s a very small piece ofthe puzzle. I was in college admissions for 10 years. I saw kids and parentsbeat themselves up over this. And at the vast majority of places, it is simplynot a big variable in the college’s decision-making process.”

N) Many admissions officers say they spend less thana couple of minutes on each application, including the essay. According to arecent survey of admissions officers, only one in four private colleges say theessay is of “considerable importance” in judging an application. Among publiccolleges and universities, the number drops to roughly one in 10. By contrast,86 percent place “considerable importance” on an applicant’s grades, 70 percenton “strength of curriculum.”

O) Still, at the mostselective schools, where thousands of candidates may submit identically highgrades and test scores, a marginal item like the essay may serve as atie-breaker between two equally qualified candidates. The thought is certainlyenough to keep the pot boiling under parents like Meg, the lawyer-mom, as shetries to help her son choose an essay topic. For a moment the other day, she thought she might have hit on a good one. “Hisfather’s from France,” she says. “I said maybe you could write about that, as somethingthat makes you different. You know: half French, half American. I said, ‘You could write about your identity issues.’ He said, ‘I don’t have anyidentity issues!’ And he’s right.He’s a well-adjusted, normal kid. But that doesn’tmake for a good essay, does it?”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.Today many universities require their applicants to write an essay of up tofive hundred words.

47. One recent change in college admissionsis that selective colleges and universities have movedthe traditional deadlineto earlier dates.

48. Applicants andtheir parents are said to believe that the personal essay can sway theadmissions committee.

49. Applicants are usually better off if theycan write an essay that distinguishes them from the rest.

50. Not only is the competition getting moreintense, the application process today is also totally different from what babyboomers knew.

51. In writing about their own experiences manyapplicants slip into clichés, thus failing to engage the reader.

52. According to a recent survey, most publiccolleges and universities consider an applicant’s grades highly important.

53. Although the application essay causeslots of anxiety, it does not play so important a role in thecollege’sdecision-making process.

54. The question you aresupposed towrite about may seem outside the self, but the theme of the essay should centeraround its impact on you.

55. In the old days, applicants only had tosubmit a sample of their school papers to show their writing ability.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.

Among thegovernment’s most interesting reports is one that estimates what parents spendon their children. Not surprisingly, the costs are steep. For a middle-class,husband-and-wife family (average pretax income in 2009: $76,250), spending per child is about $12,000 a year.With inflation the family’s spending on a child will total $286,050 by age 17.

The dry statisticsought to inform the ongoing deficit debate, because a budget is not just acatalog of programs and taxes. It reflects a society’s priorities and values.Our society does not— despite rhetoric(说辞) to thecontrary—put much value on raising children. Present budget policies taxparents heavily to support the elderly. Meanwhile, tax breaks for children are modest. If deficit reduction aggravates thesebiases, more Americans may choose not to have children or to have fewerchildren. Down that path lies economic decline.

Societies thatcannot replace their populations discourage investment and innovation. Theyhave stagnant (萧条的) or shrinkingmarkets for goods and services. With older populations, theyresist change. Tostabilize its population—discounting immigration—women must have an average oftwo children. That’s a fertility rate of 2.0.Many countries with struggling economies are well below that.

Though having a child is a deeply personaldecision, it’s shaped byculture, religion, economics, and government policy. “No one has a goodanswer” asto why fertility varies among countries, says sociologist AndrewCherlin of The Johns Hopkins University. Eroding religiousbelief in Europe may partly explain lowered birthrates. In Japan young women may be rebelling against their mothers’ isolated lives of childrearing. General optimism and pessimism count. Hopefulness fueled America’s baby boom. After the SovietUnion’s collapse, says Cherlin, “anxiety for the future” depressed birthratesin Russiaand Eastern Europe.

In poor societies,people have children to improve their economic well-being by increasing thenumber of family workers and providing supports for parents intheir old age. In wealthy societies, the logic often reverses. Government now supports the elderly, diminishingthe need for children. By somestudies, the safety nets for retirees have reduced fertility rates by 0.5children in the United States and almost1.0 in Western Europe, reports economist Robert Stein in the journal National Affairs. Similarly, some couplesdon’t have children because they don’t want to sacrifice their ownlifestyles to the lime and expense of a family.

Young Americansalready face a bleak labor market that cannot instill (注入) confidence about having children. Piling on higher taxes won’t help, “If higher taxes make it moreexpensive to raise children,” says Nicholas Eberstadt of the AmericanEnterprise Institute, “people will think twice about having another child.” That seems like common sense, despite the multipleinfluences on becoming parents.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. What do we learn from the governmentreport?

A) Inflation increases families’ expenses.

B) Raising children is getting expensive.

C) Budget reduction in around the corner.

D) Average family expenditure is increasing.

57. What is said to be the consequence of ashrinking population?

A) Weakened national strength.                    C) Economicdownturn.

B) Increased immigration.                            D)Social instability.

58. What accounted for America’s baby boom?

A) Optimism forthe future.                         C) Religious beliefs.

B) Improved living conditions.                            D)Economic prosperity.

59. Why do people in wealthy countries preferto have fewer children?

A) They want to further improve their economicwell-being.

B) They cannot afford the time and expenses ofrearing children.

C) They are concerned about the future of thecoming generation.

D) They don’t rely on their children to supportthem in old age.

60. What is the author’s purpose in writingthe passage?

A) To instill confidence in the young about raisingchildren.

B) To advise couples to think twice before havingchildren.

C) To encourage the young to take care of theelderly.

D) To appeal for tax reduction for raisingchildren.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65are based on the following passage.

Space explorationhas always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soarswhere human ingenuity (创造力)struggles to follow. A Voyageto the Moon,often cited as the first science fiction story, was written byCyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good threecenturies before the first manned rockets started to fly.

In 1961, whenPresident Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by thedecade’s end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated(共鸣) with optimism and ambition in much the same way asthe most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. twoyears later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concreteresults and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreamsended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality isintensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate inits impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figurativelyand literally otherworldly in its aims.

When the dustsettled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to theApollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has justcome to an end, with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight,that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concernsabout the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensableluxury—as if saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve ourproblems.

But human ingenuitystruggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get themost bang from a buck. They will serve as modem Magellans, mapping out thesolar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flipside, companies like Virgin Ga-lactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on thespace dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could liewithin reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.

The space dreamersend up benefiting all of us—not just because of the way they expand humanknowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but becausethe two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and JohnKennedy appealed to the idea that humans can transcend what were onceconsidered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy,the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and thedreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect thatour species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61. Theauthor mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that_________.

A) imagination isthe mother of invention

B) ingenuity isessential for science fiction writers

C) it takespatience for humans to realize their dreams

D) dreamers havealways been interested in science fiction

62. Howdid the general public view Kennedy’s space exploration plan?

A) It symbolizedthe American spirit.

B) It was asurgent as racial equality.

C) It sounded verymuch like a dream.

D) It made anancient dream come true.

63.What does the author say about America’s aim to explore space?

A) It may notbring about immediate economic gains.

B) It cannot berealized without technological innovation.

C) It will nothelp the realization of racial and economic equality.

D) It cannot beachieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.

64.What is the author’s attitude toward space programs?

A) Critical.                                          C) Unbiased.

B) Reserved.                                        D) Supportive.

65.What does the author think of the problems facing human beings?

A) They pose aserious challenge to future human existence.

B) They can besolved sooner or later with human ingenuity.

C) Their solutionsneed joint efforts of the public and privatesectors.

D) They can onlybe solved by people with optimism andambition.

Part IV   Translation(30minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese intoEnglish. You should write youranswer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国园林（the Chinese garden）是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观（landscape）。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和稭关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山（rockwork）、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷（scroll）一般展现在面前。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

答案

1~5 CDADB          6~10 ABCAC        11~15 BDCBA      16~20DDCBA      21~25 CADBB

26. Legislation              27. instruction        28.efficient    29. dropout     30. motivation

31. discipline  32. contend     33. in favorof       34. at their disposal              35. inferior to

36~40 HLIJA41~45FGNBK      46~50 GBAOF      51~55 JNMLE       56~60 BCADD

61~65 ACADB

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